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# 1 数据库创建

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### 1 Database creation

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#### 概述

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#### Overview

Zabbxi数据库必须在Zabbix server或proxy安装的时候创建。 A Zabbix database
must be created during the installation of Zabbix server or proxy.

本节提供有关创建Zabbix数据库的说明。
每个受支持的数据库都有对应的创建命令。 This section provides
instructions for creating a Zabbix database. A separate set of
instructions is available for each supported database.

<note 注意>`schema.sql`, `images.sql` and `data.sql`
这些文件在Zabbix的子目录 *database* 下. 如果Zabbix是通过分发包安装的,
参考分发包相关文档.
:::

<note 重要>对于Zabbix proxy 数据库, **只需要**导入 `schema.sql`
(不需要导入 images.sql 和 data.sql)
:::

::: notetip
`schema.sql`, `images.sql` and `data.sql` files are
located in the *database* subdirectory of Zabbix sources. If Zabbix was
installed from distribution packages, refer to the distribution
documentation.
:::

::: noteimportant
For a Zabbix proxy database, **only** `schema.sql`
should be imported (no images.sql nor data.sql)
:::

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#### MySQL

    shell> mysql -uroot -p<password>
    mysql> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
    mysql> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by '<password>';
    mysql> quit;

如果使用Zabbix程序包按照手册
[Debian/Ubuntu](/manual/installation/install_from_packages/debian_ubuntu#importing_data)
或
[RHEL/CentOS](/manual/installation/install_from_packages/rhel_centos#importing_data)
导入数据到数据库。

If you use Zabbix packages continue with instructions for
[Debian/Ubuntu](/manual/installation/install_from_packages/debian_ubuntu#importing_data)
or
[RHEL/CentOS](/manual/installation/install_from_packages/rhel_centos#importing_data)
to import the data into the database.

    shell> cd database/mysql
    shell> mysql -uzabbix -p<password> zabbix < schema.sql
    # 下面步骤当创建Zabbix proxy数据库时不需要执行
    shell> mysql -uzabbix -p<password> zabbix < images.sql
    shell> mysql -uzabbix -p<password> zabbix < data.sql

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#### PostgreSQL

需要使用有权限的用户去创建数据库对象。
以下shell命令将创建`zabbix`用户。在提示下请输入密码并再次确认密码。（注意，可能首先要求输入`sudo`命令对应的用户密码
）：

You need to have database user with permissions to create database
objects. The following shell command will create user `zabbix`. Specify
password when prompted and repeat password (note, you may first be asked
for `sudo` password):

    shell> sudo -u postgres createuser --pwprompt zabbix

现在将以先前创建的用户作为数据库所有者（参数：`-O zabbix`）设置数据库`zabbix`（最后一个参数）并导入initial
schema和数据（假设当前目录位于Zabbix sources的根目录中）：

Now we will set up the database `zabbix` (last parameter) with the
previously created user as the owner (`-O zabbix`) and import initial
schema and data (assuming you are in the root directory of Zabbix
sources):

    shell> sudo -u postgres createdb -O zabbix zabbix

如果使用Zabbix程序包按照手册
[Debian/Ubuntu](/manual/installation/install_from_packages/debian_ubuntu#importing_data)
或
[RHEL/CentOS](/manual/installation/install_from_packages/rhel_centos#importing_data)导入数据到数据库。

If you use Zabbix packages continue with instructions for
[Debian/Ubuntu](/manual/installation/install_from_packages/debian_ubuntu#importing_data)
or
[RHEL/CentOS](/manual/installation/install_from_packages/rhel_centos#importing_data)
to import the data into the database.

    shell> cd database/postgresql
    shell> cat schema.sql | sudo -u zabbix psql zabbix
    # 下面步骤当创建Zabbix proxy数据库时不需要执行
    shell> cat images.sql | sudo -u zabbix psql zabbix
    shell> cat data.sql | sudo -u zabbix psql zabbix

::: noteimportant
上面的命令仅作为例子提供参考，它可以在大多数GNU /
Linux安装中使用。 可以使用不同的命令，例如："psql -U
<username>"，这取决于系统/数据库的配置方式。如果在设置数据库时遇到麻烦，请咨询数据库管理员。

:::

::: noteimportant
The above commands are provided as an example that
will work in most of GNU/Linux installations. You can use different
commands, e. g. "psql -U <username>" depending on how your
system/database are configured. If you have troubles setting up the
database please consult your Database administrator. 
:::

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#### Oracle

假设在Oracle服务器host上存在有权限创建数据库对象的用户（用户名为zabbix，密码为password),并且该用户具有/tmp目录的写入权限。Zabbix数据库需要使用UTF8字符集。检查当前设置：

We assume that a *zabbix* database user with *password* password exists
and has permissions to create database objects in ORCL service located
on the *host* Oracle database server with a *user* shell user having
write access to /tmp directory. Zabbix requires a Unicode database
character set and a `UTF8` national character set. Check current
settings:

    sqlplus> select parameter,value from v$nls_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET' or parameter='NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET';

需要将Zabbix数据库安装介质拷贝到Oracle服务器上的*/tmp/zabbix\_images*目录下：

If you are creating a database for Zabbix server you need to have images
from Zabbix sources on the host where Oracle is running. Copy them to a
directory */tmp/zabbix\_images* on the Oracle host:

    shell> cd /path/to/zabbix-sources
    shell> ssh user@oracle_host "mkdir /tmp/zabbix_images"
    shell> scp -r misc/images/png_modern user@oracle_host:/tmp/zabbix_images/

现在开始创建数据库： Now prepare the database:

    shell> cd /path/to/zabbix-sources/database/oracle
    shell> sqlplus zabbix/password@oracle_host/ORCL
    sqlplus> @schema.sql
    # 下面步骤当创建Zabbix proxy数据库时不需要执行
    sqlplus> @images.sql
    sqlplus> @data.sql

然后删掉介质存放的临时目录： Now the temporary directory can be removed:

    shell> ssh user@oracle_host "rm -rf /tmp/zabbix_images"

#### IBM DB2

    shell> db2 "create database zabbix using codeset utf-8 territory us pagesize 32768"
    shell> cd database/ibm_db2
    shell> db2batch -d zabbix -f schema.sql
    # 下面步骤当创建Zabbix proxy数据库时不需要执行
    shell> db2batch -d zabbix -f images.sql
    shell> db2batch -d zabbix -f data.sql 

::: noteclassic
Zabbix server,Zabbix proxy,Zabbix web
server必须将字符集设置为UTF-8。否则，来自Zabbix的文本信息将被IBM
DB2服务器解析为非UTF-8字符集，并在Zabbix与数据库之间互相转换。数据库将存储有问题的非ASCII字符。
:::

::: noteclassic
It is important to set UTF-8 locale for Zabbix server,
Zabbix proxy and the web server running Zabbix frontend. Otherwise text
information from Zabbix will be interpreted by IBM DB2 server as
non-UTF-8 and will be additionally converted on the way from Zabbix to
the database and back. The database will store corrupted non-ASCII
characters.
:::

Zabbix前端使用了SQL中的`OFFSET` 和 `LIMIT`语句。为了SQL正常工作，IBM
DB2服务器必须设置环境变量DB2\_COMPATIBILITY\_VECTOR的值为3。在数据库启动之前执行下面的命令：

Zabbix frontend uses `OFFSET` and `LIMIT` clauses in SQL queries. For
this to work, IBM DB2 server must have DB2\_COMPATIBILITY\_VECTOR
variable be set to 3. Run the following command before starting the
database server:

    shell> db2set DB2_COMPATIBILITY_VECTOR=3

#### SQLite

只有为**Zabbix proxy** 创建数据库的时候才能使用SQLite！

Using SQLite is supported for **Zabbix proxy** only!

::: noteclassic
如果使用SQLite作为Zabbix
proxy的数据库，创建时如果数据库不存在，将自动创建。
:::

::: noteclassic
If using SQLite with Zabbix proxy, database will be
automatically created if it does not exist.
:::

    shell> cd database/sqlite3
    shell> sqlite3 /var/lib/sqlite/zabbix.db < schema.sql

返回 [安装部分](/手册/安装/安装)。 Return to the [installation
section](/manual/installation/install).

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